While searching for new ways to prevent and treat disease and injury, scientists have discovered a revolutionary method of treating and rehabilitating the body. It is called cell therapy, the cornerstones of which are cells from the stromal-vascular fraction of adipose tissue and stem cells.
The immature “base” cells of the body that have the ability to self-renew, divide and basically transform into normal, healthy cells of any tissues and organs are called stem cells.
Imagine that stem cell therapy is the only way for many people to improve their condition for many serious diseases, avoid disability and even avoid death. Cell therapy significantly alleviates the human condition in the most difficult situations, when a complete cure is impossible. We hope you enjoy the statistics: more than 20,000 stem cell transplants are performed worldwide each year, and scientists continue to explore their potential to treat new diseases.
What are cell therapy and stem cells?
Stem cells (SC) are used in cell therapy to repair damaged body tissues. Stem cells have no specialization. This means that they have the ability to transform into different types of cells.
A daughter cell can divide and remain a stem cell or transform into muscle, cartilage, nerve, or any other tissue. SCs regularly divide in some organs, such as the intestines or bone marrow, to repair and replace damaged or worn-out tissue. But other organs, such as the pancreas and heart, require special conditions.
Today, the basis of regenerative medicine is the study of these conditions and the potential of stem cells. Stem cell therapy clinics offer great potential. Today it is used to treat many conditions including diabetes, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular disease, kidney and liver disease, autism, cerebral palsy and others. In many cases, the use of SC for injuries and joint diseases allows avoiding surgical intervention. In cosmetology, cell therapy is also widely used to restore the beauty and youthfulness of the skin.

Types of stem cells
All stem cells have the abilities of self-renewal (copying themselves) and differentiation (developing into more specialized cells). However, SCs have different types, and their functions vary greatly. Scientists study adult and embryonic stem cells.
Embryonic stem cells
These cells are derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst, a hollow ball of cells that forms 3-45 days after fertilization by a sperm cell.
All tissues and organs of the human body are composed of more specialized cells that form during normal cell development within the cell mass. However, the properties of embryonic SCs are preserved when the cell mass is grown under certain laboratory conditions. Since they are pluripotent, that is, they can transform into any cells of the body, this is their most valuable ability. However, there are disadvantages as well. Moral issues are the most important. Many people find it unacceptable to use embryonic stem cells for medical purposes, despite the fact that they are mostly derived from blastocysts obtained through in vitro fertilization. Consequently, scientists have continued to investigate and found that other cell types can be used in regenerative therapies.
Adult stem cells
A small number of these cells are produced by the adult organism. They are often in the early stages of differentiation, making them much less likely to be used medically. However, there are advantages. The ability to obtain these cells from the patient’s own tissue reduces the risk of rejection after transplantation.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
They are a group of adult stem cells that have a variety of cell differentiation. They can be present in a variety of tissues and can be isolated from almost any source including fat, peripheral and cord blood, bone marrow and other tissues. MSCs can be used in a variety of regenerative medicine applications. They are widely used for cartilage repair in patients suffering from degenerative joint diseases. In addition, the treatment of autoimmune disorders, pancreonecrosis, scleroderma, eczema, trophic ulcers, macular degeneration and many other diseases has good results.
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)
These are adult cells that have been reprogrammed into a state similar to embryonic SC by introducing certain factors and proteins. Japanese scientist Shinya Yamanaka and his colleagues at Kyoto University first obtained IPSCs in 2006. They were both awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work.
Compared to embryonic stem cells, iPSCs have several advantages. The risk of rejection after transplantation is reduced because they are derived from the patient’s own body and then reprogrammed. In addition, the use of SCs for adults solves an ethical problem.
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)
These are cells from the bone marrow and blood. Mature blood cells such as red blood cells (carry oxygen), platelets (control blood clotting), and white blood cells (fight infections) can be created by HSCs.
HSCs are used to treat both malignant (e.g., leukemia, lymphoma) and non-malignant diseases. This is a technique known as bone marrow or stem cell transplantation. HSCs have also been shown to be effective in treating various genetic and autoimmune diseases. In total, bone marrow transplants are used to treat over 75 different diseases.

What types of diseases are treated with stem cells?
Autism and cerebral palsy
In modern medicine, stem cell treatment of autism (RA) and cerebral palsy (CP) represents a promising direction.
Autism is a developmental disorder of the nervous system characterized by limited and repetitive interests and behaviors, as well as impaired communication and social interaction. One possible treatment for autism is stem cell therapy. Stem cells can differentiate into different cell types to produce biologically active substances. These substances can make neighboring cells grow and mature, which allows them to be seen as a tool to restore normal neuronal function in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and improve neuroplasticity.
Cerebral palsy, in turn, is a complex of neurological disorders caused by brain damage or developmental disorders at an early age. Stem cell treatment for cerebral palsy is also being considered as a possible treatment for the condition.
Studies that utilize stem cells aim to slow the progression of cerebral palsy symptoms, improve motor skills, and restore the function of damaged brain tissue.

However, it should be noted that stem cell treatments for autism and cerebral palsy are still in the research and clinical trial phase. These treatments require strict adherence to ethical and medical standards, as well as highly trained professionals. It is recommended that patients and their loved ones discuss all possible treatment options with experienced physicians to learn about the benefits and risks of using stem cells for their particular case.
Treatment of neurological diseases with stem cells
Neurological diseases are a complex medical problem that requires a comprehensive approach to treatment. In the treatment of neurological diseases, the use of stem cells opens up new possibilities and opportunities to restore and improve the function of the nervous system.
Stroke treatment with stem cells is aimed at restoring damaged areas of the brain, improving neuronal connections and the growth of new neurons. Stem cells help to improve cerebral circulation, reduce the effects of stroke and restore the function of damaged neurons.
Brain (CNS) stem cell treatment aims to regenerate and repair damaged areas of the brain by stimulating the growth of new neurons, not “new neuron growth”. This method works better to strengthen neural connections, improve the function of brain structures, and improve “neuronal maturation” in specific areas of the brain.
Macular retinal dystrophy
Decreased visual acuity caused by age-related macular degeneration is a common condition. In the late stage of AMD, there is significant loss of retinal neurons. Neurons that have been damaged can be replaced with mesenchymal stem cells. Studies show that after transplantation, MSCs can become light sensitive and restore vision. When treating the retina, the use of stem cells also helps reduce the inflammation associated with macular degeneration.

Rejuvenation (Anti-age therapy) with stem cells
Skin aging begins at 28-30 years of age when stem cell rejuvenation occurs. This is because the number of collagen-producing cells known as fibroblasts decreases by 2 percent each year. By the age of forty, 20 percent of fibroblasts disappear. The first signs of aging are sagging, dullness and fine lines and wrinkles.
Cell therapy is one of the pioneering methods of rejuvenation. A small sample of skin taken from the patient behind the ear is used to isolate fibroblasts. These are subsequently propagated (cultured) for several weeks in the laboratory and injected into the patient.
Cell therapy can be used to rejuvenate the face, neck, décolletage and hands. The method is suitable for those who want to get rid of sagging, age spots, wrinkles and improve skin quality. The rejuvenation treatment does not cause allergic reactions or other side effects because it uses your own cells.
Cell therapy – prognosis
Every patient wants the therapy to begin as soon as possible. However, it is important to remember that each person is unique both physically and mentally. Thus, the effectiveness of any therapy is influenced by many factors, including the type of disease and its duration, the patient’s age, the patient’s overall health, comorbidities, the state of the immune system, and other factors.
In addition, it should be taken into account that younger patients divide stem cells faster than older patients, so treatment starts earlier in them. However, older people may well expect a positive result. The body will receive cells that will divide and produce biostimulants and regulators. The effect may appear in a week in a young person, and in an elderly person in a month.